DISASTER RESEARCH 344

April 19, 2001

TABLE OF CONTENTS:


  1. Help Wanted: Hazards Center Seeks New Director
  2. Shaping Hazard Perception via the Net: A Hazards Center Working Paper
  3. Seeking Consultant to Improve National Disaster Response and Coordination Capabilities in Iran
  4. Seeking Model Research Instruments
  5. Some New Internet Resources
  6. House Subcommittee Holds Hearing on Nisqually Quake
  7. Government Lists Communities at High Risk Due to Wildfire
  8. Secretaries Establish Fire Stakeholder Advisory Group
  9. Ten-Year Strategy for Dealing with Wildfires Published
  10. Interim National Drought Council Established
  11. ASCE Updates/Converts NEHRP Rehabilitation Guidelines to Preliminary Standard
  12. Some Recently Awarded Research Grants
  13. The April-May '01 EENET Schedule
  14. Conferences and Training


1)----------

Help Wanted: Hazards Center Seeks New Director

[First, a letter from the Hazards Center Director:]

Dear DR Readers,

Below is an advertisement soliciting applications to become Director of the Natural Hazards Research and Applications Information Center. Please know that I am NOT leaving the center.

From its inception over a quarter century ago, only one of the University of Colorado's faculty, the center's director - first Gilbert White, then Bill Travis (Riebsame), and, for the last eight years, me - has formally participated in the center. When I became the director, I was committed to generating more faculty participation in the center without increasing our operating costs. There is now an opportunity to significantly further that goal.

The faculty of the Department of Sociology at the University of Colorado has voted unanimously to make environmental sociology with a track in hazards an area of specialization, and several new faculty have already been hired. Moreover, the university's central administration has agreed to let the department hire a new faculty member, at the full professor level, to replace me as director of the Natural Hazards Center if I remain as chair for another term.

I will remain a permanent fixture at the Natural Hazards Center when the new director is hired and will work with that person in whatever capacity is most appropriate to further the center's mission.

One final word: Directing the Natural Hazards Center here at the University of Colorado is the best job in the country for a social scientist interested in hazards. Please read the job description below, and if you are interested and a hazards sociologist, be sure to apply.

Dennis S. Mileti
Director
Natural Hazards Research and
   Applications Information Center
University of Colorado

-----------------------------------

The Department of Sociology and the Institute of Behavioral Science at the University of Colorado are seeking applications for a full-time tenured full professor in sociology. The applicant must specialize in hazards, disasters, and their link to broader environmental/sustainable development issues. Related areas of interest are welcome. The person in this position will serve as the director of the Natural Hazards Research and Applications Information Center, part of the Research Program on Environment and Behavior, Institute of Behavioral Science. The director will serve as co-principal investigator on the National Science Foundation (NSF) grant that funds the center, set policy for and provide intellectual leadership to the center and its staff, work with the larger hazards community and the funding agencies that contribute to the center through its NSF grant, secure additional external funding to support the center, conduct interdisciplinary hazards and environment-related research with colleagues in the Institute of Behavioral Science, and establish and strengthen relationships with the larger academic community engaged in environmental and risk-related research at the University of Colorado and in the Boulder vicinity. The director of the center receives substantial staff support. This position is also expected to work half-time in the Department of Sociology to help develop and teach the newly organized environmental specialty and other courses, as well as perform other departmental duties and services.

Letters of application should include a statement of research and teaching interests, a perspective on how the applicant would advance the Natural Hazards Center (http://www.colorado.edu/hazards), comment on how the applicant would enhance the environmental sociology specialization in the Sociology Department (http://socsci.colorado.edu/SOC/), a curriculum vitae, and contact information for three referees. The University of Colorado is committed to diversity and equality in education and employment.

Review of applications will begin June 1, 2001. Applications should be submitted to Dennis S. Mileti, Chair, Department of Sociology, University of Colorado, 327 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309.


2)----------

Shaping Hazard Perception via the Net: A Hazards Center Working Paper

The Natural Hazards Center's newest Working Paper (#106) examines how the public's understanding of hazards and risks is being shaped by the Internet. In "Construction of Hazard Perception and Activism on the Internet: Amplifying Trivial Risks and Obfuscating Serious Ones," the author, California State UniversityþLong Beach geographer Christine M. Rodrigue, states that "social construction of hazard policy entails a risk assessment dialogue between technical experts and public interest activists and between each of these and elected risk management policy makers. These dialogues have traditionally taken place in the frequently distorting presence of broadcast and print media . . . The advent of the Internet has fundamentally altered these discussions. . . . Early results have included an impressive empowerment of individual activists vis-a-vis the corporate interests that dominate traditional media, as well as tremendous citizen pressure on risk management decision makers. This is a blade that cuts both ways, however, with new opportunities for demagoguery and for hijacking the . . . trust by which most people make political decisions on issues far beyond their training." This paper illustrates both the advantages and dangers of Internet political organizing through case studies of a technological and a natural hazard controversy.

The paper is available on the World Wide Web at
http://www.colorado.edu/hazards/wp/wp106/wp106.html.
A complete index of working papers is available from
http://www.colorado.edu/hazards/wp/wp.html.


3)----------

Seeking Consultant to Improve National Disaster Response and
Coordination Capabilities in Iran

The Islamic Republic of Iran is extremely vulnerable to natural hazards, particularly earthquakes and extreme climate and weather abnormalities especially floods. Because of its geography, environment, and population settlements, natural disasters occur frequently. The 1999 "World Disaster Report" of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS) ranked Iran fourth in Asia in the number of people killed and affected by disasters with the annual average of 4,086 and 55,895 respectively.

Due to the frequency of natural disasters in Iran, the country has substantial capacities and resources for responding to emergencies, primarily concentrated in government institutions, principally the Ministry of Interior, or based in the Iran Red Crescent Society. Given the potential scale and frequency of disasters in Iran, it is critical that the range of stakeholders be increased and that immediate disaster response, in particular, be strengthened.

The Red Crescent Society of Iran performs a mandated role in disaster response and is responsible for the national- and local-level relief and rescue committees. The leadership of the RCS have identified that to improve disaster response in the country, there is a need to:

To achieve these goals, the Capacity Development for Natural Disaster Response and Coordination (IRA/99/032) project funded by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) provides funds for: The direct beneficiary of the project is the Red Crescent Society, particularly its Relief and Rescue Department. A workshop has been conducted recently, resulting in a 3-year strategic plan for RCS. Subsequent missions will carry out the other activities of this project.

The overall objective of the consultancy advertised here is to assist the RCS in implementing the operational elements of the strategic plan, such as the establishment of a functional Emergency Center, updating of the RCS emergency management guidelines, and the implementation of a training program to train 30 trainers. This will be achieved by a short preparatory mission to review the capabilities of RCS, preparation of the training material, followed by another mission to conduct the training course. This consultancy will be carried out in June-July 2001.

The consultant should have the following qualifications:

The preparatory mission and subsequent mission to conduct training will be held in Tehran. The consultant is required to prepare the training materials and exercises at his/her home base. After the training material is translated into Farsi, the consultant will conduct a 10-day Crisis Management Training, EOC, and Training for Trainers in Tehran and will conduct an emergency management exercise among RCS, MOI, and UNDP.

The cost of these missions will be covered by the Capacity Development for National Disaster Response and Coordination project in accordance with UNDP rules and regulations.

Persons interested in learning more about this project or applying for the consultancy should contact Aisha Parveen Bilal, Research Associate, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), South Asia Sub-Regional Resource Facility (SURF), Islamabad, Pakistan; tel: 92-51-2277627, 2279165 Ext. 2241; fax: 92-51-2829709; e-mail: aisha.bilal@undp.org; WWW: http://www.surfsouthasia.org.


4)----------

Seeking Model Research Instruments

Dear DR Readers,

We are seeking examples of research instruments used in disaster research (e.g. questionnaires directed to city officials, journalists, seismologists, etc.) to facilitate cross-cultural comparisons. We are doing research on earthquake reactions/readiness of local governments, rescue groups, journalists, scientists (prediction/information management), volunteer organizations etc. Of course, we would be interested in instruments constructed for reactions/readiness in the case of other natural and technological disasters. Please correspond with us at our e-mail address: erc@otenet.gr.

Nicholas Petropolous
Emergencies Research Center
Varvogli 7
Athens 11361
Greece
Tel/fax: 00 301 825 6266
E-mail: erc@otenet.gr


5)----------

Some New Internet Resources

[Below are some new or updated Internet resources we've discovered. For an extended list of Internet sites dealing with hazards, see http://www.colorado.edu/hazards/sites/sites.html]

http://www.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/pl566/agingwater/infra.html
More than 50 years ago, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) was first authorized by Congress to help local communities with upstream flood control and watershed protection. Today, there is growing national concern that many of the early flood control dams are at or near the end of their planned design life and may pose a risk to public safety. In A Report to Congress on Aging Watershed Infrastructure: An Analysis and Strategy for Addressing the Nation's Aging Flood Control Dams, the USDA's Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) outlines the history of its Small Watershed Program and discusses the risk posed by some of the more than 10,000 upstream flood control dams constructed since 1948.

Many of the older small dams require significant rehabilitation, and some pose a threat to the safety of people and towns downstream or to anyone who uses the reservoirs as a source of drinking water. The NRCS stresses that if action is not taken to rehabilitate these dams, there is potential for adverse impacts on downstream floodplains and ecosystems the dams have been protecting. The agency estimates that more than 2,200 dams need work and that the total cost will be more than $540 million. The cost of rehabilitation will only rise with time as deterioration increases, construction costs rise, and more rehabilitation needs are identified. Conversely, these repairs can provide opportunities to increase municipal and industrial water supplies, firefighting water resources, recreation opportunities, and wetland and wildlife assets. This and numerous other reports on this problem are available on the NRCS web site above.

http://www.fema.gov/nfip/pfloydrpt.pdf
When Hurricane Floyd struck North Carolina in 1999, flood damage was severe because soil was already saturated by rainfall. Because the region had been flooded before, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and state and local governments had implemented a variety of flood mitigation activities. Following the hurricane, FEMA funded a study to evaluate the effectiveness of these activities, and the results of that study are now available in the report, Evaluation of CRS Credited Activities During Hurricane Floyd, available from the web site above.

The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Community Rating System (CRS) was implemented in 1990 to recognize and encourage community floodplain management activities that exceed minimum NFIP standards. Under the CRS, flood insurance premium rates are lowered to reflect the reduced flood risk resulting from activities that meet three goals: 1) reducing flood losses; 2) facilitating accurate insurance rating; and 3) promoting awareness of flood insurance. For the FEMA report, eight credited CRS activities were evaluated to determine their impact on flood losses. Among the findings:

http://www.bghrc.com
The Benfield Greig Hazard Research Centre in London has recently put up two new publications on the centre's web site. The first is Guidance Notes on Participation and Accountability in Disaster Reduction, intended to help practitioners in disaster mitigation and preparedness. The notes cover principles and practice, and contain a number of case studies. They are still in draft form, and comments and, particularly, additional case study material are welcome. A copy can be downloaded from the Benfield Greig site - go to the Disaster Management pages and look under "Other Publications."

The second publication, Sustainable Livelihoods and Vulnerability to Disasters, summarizes recent thinking on this topic. In particular, it looks at a sustainable livelihoods framework currently being developed and promoted and includes a list of selected references and sources of information on these subjects. It also comments on issues arising from current theories relevant to work on livelihood options for disaster risk reduction. Copies are also available from the centre web site - go the Disaster Management pages and look under "Working Papers."

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/emlegislation
A new Yahoo Internet discussion group has been established to disseminate legislation and regulatory notices (such as Federal Register documents and texts of bills) that might affect emergency management professionals. Additionally, this group will serve as a forum for discussion of emergency management policy issues. To subscribe send an e-mail to: emlegislation-subscribe@yahoogroups.com, or visit the group's homepage above. The group moderator is seeking to establish partnerships with others who can provide information for the group. If you are interested in such a partnership please contact MaryAnn Marrocolo, e-mail: mmarroco@oem.cn.ci.nyc.ny.us, or mmarrocolo@aol.com.


6)----------

House Subcommittee Holds Hearing on Nisqually Quake

On March 21, 2001, the newly created Subcommittee on Research of the House Committee on Science conducted a hearing to examine how the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) affected the impacts of the Washington State Nisqually earthquake on February 28. The hearing, "Life in the Subduction Zone: The Recent Nisqually Quake and the Federal Efforts to Reduce Earthquake Hazards," highlighted improved understanding of earthquake processes in order to better mitigate impacts. The subcommittee heard testimony regarding NEHRP research and other activities conducted by the four principal federal agencies involved in the program: FEMA, the U.S. Geological Survey, the National Science Foundation, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The testimony also addressed damage caused by the quake, ground failure, liquefaction, characteristics of earthquakes in the Pacific Northwest generally, characteristics of the Nisqually quake, earthquake hazard assessment, geologic and structural effects of the quake, remote sensing, and hazards planning. The hearing charter and prepared testimony are available on the subcommittee's web site: http://www.house.gov/science/reshearings.htm.


7)----------

Government Lists Communities at High Risk Due to Wildfire

During the summer of 2000, wildfires burned more than 6.8 million acres of public and private land. Many of these fires burned in urban-wildland interface areas and exceeded the fire suppression capabilities of those regions. Consequently, Congress has appropriated substantial funds to help reduce the threats posed by wildfires and has directed the Secretaries of the Interior and Agriculture to consult with states and tribal governments to develop a list of urban wildland interface communities within the vicinity of federal lands at high risk due to wildfires.

On January 4, the agencies posted a notice in the Federal Register that provides an initial list of at-risk communities as well as the preliminary criteria for risk evaluation and management that will be used to focus hazardous fuel reduction efforts funded by Congress. Communities on the list "exist where humans and their development meet or intermix with wildland fuel." The agencies divided jurisdictions into three types: "interface," "intermix," and "occluded" communities.

On May 1, 2001, the secretaries are required to publish a second list in the Federal Register of high risk communities for which fuels reduction activities will not begin in 2001. Risk factors that will be considered in narrowing the initial list include: fire behavior potential, values at risk (e.g., property, natural resources, or cultural treasures), and infrastructure (e.g., dead end roads, steep grades, fire-fighting capacity, water supply, and emergency response capabilities). The subsequent fire-reduction projects will focus on federal land and may be extended to nonfederal land in close proximity. Other factors that may be considered in project selection include community contributions, such as the establishment of a defensible space around a community, hazardous fuel reduction activities and programs, partnerships with other agencies, enforcement of fire-related laws, appropriate community planning and land-use practices, and fire safety and related environmental education.

The notice can be found in the Federal Register, Vol. 66, No. 3, pp. 751-777. Copies are available on-line at http://www.access.gpo.gov.


8)----------

Secretaries Establish Fire Stakeholder Advisory Group

On January 24, the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Agriculture established the Joint Fire Science Program Stakeholder Advisory Group to provide advice to the departments concerning priorities and approaches for research and implementation of findings for the management of wildland fuels on lands administered by the Department of the Interior, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Bureau of Land Management, the National Park Service, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Forest Service (see the article above).

The group's recommendations are intended to reflect national public interest, and members will represent varied stakeholders affected by the Joint Fire Science Program. For more information, contact Bob Clark, Joint Fire Science Program Manager, National Interagency Fire Center, 3833 South Development Avenue, Boise, ID 83705; (208) 387-5349; e-mail: bob_clark@blm.gov.


9)----------

Ten-Year Strategy for Dealing with Wildfires Published

Individual states are working with federal agencies and organizations interested in U.S. forested areas to develop a 10-year comprehensive strategy for restoring forest ecosystem health. The collaborative effort began last fall, when Congress directed federal agencies to work with states and provided funding for state and private fuels management and wildfire preparedness activities (see the previous two articles).

The report Ten-Year Comprehensive Strategy: A Collaborative Ten-Year Strategy for Restoring Health to Fire-Adapted Ecosystems is currently posted in draft form on the Western Governors' Association (WGA) web site: http://www.westgov.org. The final version is expected to be completed May 1.

The WGA also issued a statement in December 2000, calling for a long-term approach to the wildfire risk in the U.S. The Catastrophic Wildfires of 2000: Collaborative Effort Key to Prevention and Improved Ecosystem Health outlines action the chief executives feel needs to be initiated under the new Bush administration and Congress. In particular, the governors call on Congress to provide funding over the next 10 years consistent with the amount appropriated for fiscal year 2001, asserting that this funding will "pale in comparison to that required for future fire fighting needs, lost timber value, restoration costs and damage to downstream resources if the trends continue and we see more fire seasons like the Summer of 2000." This report is also available from the Western Governors' Association web site.


10)----------

Interim National Drought Council Established

Through a recent memorandum of understanding (MOU) among federal agencies, states, local governments, tribes, and other organizations, an Interim National Drought Council was created to coordinate activities relating to drought. Specifically, the council will establish a more comprehensive and integrated approach toward drought impact reduction. Its goals include improving drought preparedness, monitoring, prediction, risk management, and response in the U.S. By coordinating the MOU partners, the council hopes to resolve drought-related issues, promote the exchange of information about effective programs, and improve public awareness of the need for drought planning and mitigation. The interim council, which held its first meeting in November, will continue for five years or until Congress establishes a permanent National Drought Council.

For further information, contact Leona Dittus, Executive Director, Interim National Drought Council, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Room 6701-S, Washington, DC 20250-0501; (202) 720-3168; fax: (202) 720-9688; e-mail: leona.dittus@usda.gov;


11)----------

ASCE Updates/Converts NEHRP Rehabilitation Guidelines
to Preliminary Standard

[Adapted from the "MCEER Information Service News" - http://mceer.buffalo.edu/infoService/enews/default.asp]

The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), under a cooperative agreement with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), has completed a project to update and convert the "NEHRP [National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program] Guidelines for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings" (FEMA-273) and the related "NEHRP Commentary" (FEMA-274) into a mandatory language "Pre-standard and Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings" (FEMA-356). This pre-standard is now available for use.

In addition, Global Topics Report on the Pre-standard and Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings (FEMA-357), which documents the nature of and rationale for the technical changes made in the conversion of the guidelines into the pre-standard, is also now available.

The completion of the pre-standard is the first step in turning FEMA 356 into an ASCE/American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approved national consensus standard. In this process, recent research results and technical advancements have been incorporated into the pre-standard if deemed appropriate by the project team and approved by the ASCE Standards Committee on Seismic Rehabilitation.

The ASCE Standards Committee on Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings has unanimously voted to accept FEMA-356 as the basis of a voluntary consensus standard, which, upon its completion, will be suitable for reference by building codes and inclusion in contracts. In 2001, the Standards Committee is balloting members and otherwise pursuing the formal standard development process. For more information, contact ASCE's Standards Coordinator, Kim Brubaker, ASCE, 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, VA 20191; e-mail: kbrubaker@asce.org.

Free copies of both FEMA-356 and FEMA-357 are available from the FEMA Document Distribution Center, P.O. Box 2012, 8231 Stayton Drive, Jessup, MD 20794-2012; 1-800-480-2520; fax: (301) 362-5335.


12)----------

Some Recently Awarded Research Grants

Below are descriptions of some recently awarded grants for the study of hazards and disasters. An inventory of contracts and grants awarded from 1995 to the present (primarily those funded by the National Science Foundation) is available on the Natural Hazards Center's web site: http://www.colorado.edu/hazards/grants.html.

***
Flood Warning Program Effectiveness in Boulder and Boulder County, Colorado. Funding: Urban Drainage and Flood Control District, $40,000, 12 months. Principal Investigators: Eve Gruntfest and Kim Carswell, Department of Geography, Post Office Box 7150, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO 80933-7150; (719) 262-4058; fax: (719) 262-4066; e-mail: ecg@brain.uccs.edu.

***
A 1,200-Year, High Resolution Record of Hurricane Activity for Southern New England. Funding: National Science Foundation, $10,000, 15 months. Principal Investigator: Raymond S. Bradley, Department of Geosciences, 233 Morrill Science Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003; (413) 545-2286; fax: (413) 545-1200; e-mail: rbradley@geo.umass.edu; WWW: http://www.geo.umass.edu.

***
Speleotherms: A New Proxy Record of Individual Hurricanes and Tropical Storms. Funding: National Science Foundation, $19,782; 12 months. Principal Investigator: Dork L. Sahagian, Climate Change Research Center, Morse Hall, Room 164, University of New Hampshire, 39 College Road, Durham, NH 03824; (603) 862-3875; fax: (603) 862-3874; dork.sahagian@unh.edu.

***
Rainfall Characteristics and the Influence of Urban Land Use on Shallow Landslide Initiation in Seattle, Washington. Principal Investigator: T. Nelson Caine, Department of Geography, 260 UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0019; (303) 492-8642; e-mail: cainen@colorado.edu.

***
Climate Change Response Strategies for Water Resources: Price and Non-Price Demand Management. Funding: National Science Foundation, $237,918, 24 months. Principal Investigator: Robert N. Stavins, John F. Kennedy School of Government, 79 J.F. Kennedy St., L306, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; (617) 495-1820; fax: (617) 496-3783; e-mail: robert_stavins@harvard.edu.

***
Flood Research Partnership: Promoting Stakeholders' Participation in Sustainable Floodplain Management in the Red River Basin. Funding: Social Science and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) of Canada, $600,000, 36 months. Principal Investigators: John Sinclair, Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, and Emdad Haque, Department of Geography, Brandon University. Contact: John Sinclair, Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2; tel: (204) 474-8374; e-mail: jsincla@ms.umanitoba.CA

***
Strengthening Disaster Mitigation and Management at the State Level in India. Funding: Asian Development Bank, 12 months. For information, contact the Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC), Asian Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand; tel: 66-2-524-5353; fax: 66-2-524-5360; e-mail: adpc@ait.ac.th; WWW: http://www.adpc.ait.ac.th/Default.html.


13)----------

The April-June '01 EENET Schedule

Below is a list of satellite broadcasts scheduled by the Federal Emergency Management Agency's Emergency Education Network (EENET). All presentations begin at 2:00 p.m. unless otherwise indicated.

April 25 - Consequence Management News, Equipment, and Training (CoMNET) Magazine

May 2 - National Alert - Special Feature - "Stoned Cold" on the hazards of teenage drunk driving and response to accidents

May 9 (1:30 p.m.) - "Caregiving and Loss: Family Needs, Professional Response"

May 16 - National Alert Broadcast - FEMA's monthly video magazine on emergency management activities and issues - see the EENET web page listed below for topics

May 23 - Weapons of Mass Destruction - "Live Response"

May 30 - "Highlights from the National Training and Education Conference"

June 6 - "Mitigating the Terrorists Threat - The Community Leader's Role"

June 13 - "Firefighter Incident Review: 'Cherry Road'"

June 20 - National Alert Broadcast - see the EENET web page below for topics

June 27 - Consequence Management News, Equipment, and Training (CoMNET) Magazine

Note: Satellites and transponders vary for these programs, see the EENET web site - http://www.fema.gov/emi/eenet.htm - for broadcast details. Additional broadcasts are frequently added. For the most current listing, or to sign up for regular e-mail updates about EENET events, see the EENET web page above.


14)----------

Conferences and Training

[Below are some recent announcements received by the Natural Hazards Center. A comprehensive list of upcoming hazards-related meetings and training is available from our World Wide Web site: http://www.colorado.edu/hazards/conf.html]

"Gaining Knowledge from Environmental Data": A Workshop on the Data-Information-Knowledge Continuum. Sponsored by: U.S. Global Change Research Program Data and Information Working Group (DIWG); hosted by: U.S. Geological Survey. Fort Collins, Colorado: May 1-3, 2001. For more information, see: http://www.globalchange.gov/workshop2001; or call (970) 226-9303; or e-mail: USGSglobalchange@aol.com.

International Symposium on Land Degradation and Desertification. Mexico City: May 6-13, 2001. Contact: Department of Physical Geography, Institute of Geography, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, SP 04510, Coyoacan, D.F. Mexico; tel: (52) 5622-4339; 5622-4340, 5622-4341; fax: (52) 5616-2145; e-mail: landegrad@igiris.igeograf.unam.mx; WWW: http://www.igeograf.unam.mx/instituto/frame.html.

Fundamentals of Seismic Design (May 14-16) and Applications to New and Existing Construction and Structural Bracing for Lateral Loads and Stability May (17-18). Offered by: Department of Engineering Professional Development, University of Wisconsin - Madison. Madison, Wisconsin: May 14-18, 2001. Contact: Pat Richards, Department of Engineering Professional Development, Engineering Registration, Department 107, The Pyle Center, 702 Langdon Street, Madison, WI 53706; 1-800-462-0876; fax: 1-800-442-4214 or (608) 265-3448; e-mail: custserv@epd.engr.wisc.edu; WWW: http://aec.engr.wisc.edu/courses/.

Of People, Place, and Progress: Extended Recovery on the Coastal Plain. Presented by: East Carolina University and Eastern Area Health Education Center (EAHEC). Greenville, North Carolina: May 23-25, 2001. Contact: EAHEC, Venture Towers Building, P.O. Box 7224, Greenville, NC 27835-7224; WWW: http://www.ecu.edu/hazconf.

Sixth International Conference for Health and Human Rights. Organized by: International Society for Health and Human Rights and Society for Psychological Assistance. Cavtat, Croatia: June 20-24, 2001. E-mail: organiz@ishhr-conf-2001.org; WWW: http://www.ishhr-conf-2001.org.

Responding to Acts of Terrorism: Preparing Professional Responders to Define, Recognize, and Respond Effectively to Threats of Terrorism. Offered by: National Institute for Government Innovation (NIGI). Los Angeles, California: July 16-18, 2001. Contact: NIGI, 708 Third Avenue, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10017; 1-888-670-8200; fax: (941) 365-2507; WWW: http://www.nigi.org.

The First Mediterranean Emergency Medicine Congress. Sponsors: American Academy of Emergency Medicine and European Society for Emergency Medicine. Stresa, Italy: September 2-5, 2001. Abstracts due May 31. Contact: Organizing Secretariat, MAF SERVIZI S.R.L., Via Vico, 7 10128 Torino, Italy; tel: +39 011505900; fax: +39 011505976; e-mail: stresa2001@mafservizi.it; WWW: http://www.mafservizi.it/stresa2001.

International Exhibition for Disaster Control and Emergency Treatment Services. Organizer: Shanghai Municipal Civil Defense Office. Shanghai, China: September 18-20, 2001. Contact: Education Network and Exhibition Services Ltd., 14E Cindic Tower, 128 Gloucester Road, Wanchai, Hong Kong; tel: 852 2598 7556; fax: 852 2598 0302; e-mail: enesjonathan@ctimail3.com.

American Water Resources Association (AWRA) Annual Conference. Albuquerque, New Mexico: November 12-15, 2001. Abstracts due May 7. Contact: AWRA, P.O. Box 1626, Middleburg, VA 20118-1626; (540) 687-8390; fax: (540) 687-8395; e-mail: info@awra.org; WWW: http://www.awra.org.

Third International Conference on Computer Simulation in Risk Analysis and Hazard Mitigation. Organizer: Wessex Institute of Technology. Sintra, Portugal: June 19-21, 2002. Contact: Susan Hanley, Conference Secretariat, Risk Analysis 2002, Wessex Institute of Technology, Ashurst Lodge, Ashurst, Southampton SO40 7AA, U.K.; tel: 44-0-238-029-3223; fax: 44-0-238-029-2853; e-mail: shanley@wessex.ac.uk; WWW: http://www.wessex.ac.uk/conferences/2002/risk02/index.html.

Ninth International Conference on Urban Drainage. Sponsors: Joint Committee on Urban Storm Drainage of the IAHR and IWA and others. Portland, Oregon: September 8-13, 2002. Abstracts due July 31, 2001. Contact: Cindy Gold, Conference Manager, American Society of Civil Engineers, 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, VA 20191-4400; (703) 295- 6197; fax: (703) 295-6144; e-mail: cgold@asce.org; WWW: http://www.asce.org/conferences/9iucd2002.


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