7. Protecting Environmental Quality During Disaster Recovery
- Where To Find Information -
Training Courses and Workshops
Federal Emergency Management Agency, Emergency Management Institute, National
Emergency Training Center. Emmitsburg, Maryland. (301) 447-1035; http://www.fema.gov/emi
[accessed June 15, 2001]
- FEMA Program Responsibilities: Coordinating Environmental and Historical
Compliance." Federal Emergency Management Agency Course G253.
This 3-day course is an introduction to environmental and historic compliance. It
examines the importance of fully integrating the compliance steps stipulated by the
National Environmental Policy Act and the National Historic Preservation Act into the
administration of the Public Assistance and Hazard Mitigation Grant Programs. This
course is directed to those at environmental/historic entry levels, and others whose
primary function is not environmental/historic.
Organizations
Columbia University, Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN).
The findings at this site were jointly developed by CIESIN, the Yale University Center for
Environmental Law and Policy, and the Global Leaders for Tomorrow Environment Task Force
of the World Economic Forum. The Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI) identifies 22 major
factors such as urban air quality, overall public health, and environmental regulation, and
measures these factors using 67 different variables, such as levels of sulfur dioxide in urban air,
deaths from diseases associated with poor sanitation, and percentage of land protected from
development.
See "Environmental Sustainability Index" at http://www.ciesin.columbia.edu [accessed August 3,
2001]
Environmental Finance Center, The University System of Maryland.
According to its mission and purpose statement, the Environmental Finance Center was created
to assist local communities in finding creative ways to pay for environmental projects. The
Center promotes alternative and innovative ways to manage the cost of environmental activities,
provides training and development opportunities in environmental management, and works to
increase the public and private sector's awareness of the benefits associated with sound
environmental management policies.
See: http://www.mdsg.umd.edu/EFU/index.html; efc@mdsg.umces.edu; or (301) 314-6383.
Environmental Protection Agency.
Water: http://www.epa.gov/OWOW [accessed August 3, 2001]
"Green Communities:" http://www.epa.gov/greenkit/sitedex.htm [accessed August 3, 2001]
EPA Wetlands Information Hotline Publication List: e-mail: wetlands-hotline@epa.gov
The Rivers, Trails, and Conservation Assistance Program in the National Park Service.
The RTC has information on funding sources. Its website The site provides a list of organizations
that offer financial support for locally lead conservation projects. You must contact each
organization directly for more information.
See: http://www.ncrc.nps.gov/rtca/funding.
Federal and state government agencies.
Up-to-date government information is available via the Internet at: http://www.searchgov.com.
The screen gives links to all the federal departments, independent agencies, and each state. Click
on the agency or state and work through their website. Most materials can be ordered from the
website with a credit card.
- Agency documents may be obtained by writing the agency or going to the website and
ordering a publication. Many federal documents are also available at university libraries
that serve as Federal Depositories. Contact a local university for assistance.
- Maps, satellite images, aerial photographs, technical reports, and related hazard
information are available from the federal agencies or their representative in each state:
U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Federal Emergency
Management Agency, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Environmental Protection
Agency, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
- State agencies that may have information relevant to environmental projects include the
geological survey, departments of public works, emergency preparedness, environmental
quality, natural resources, wildlife and fisheries, and agriculture and forestry.
- For information on Congressional activities, go to the Library of Congress website:
loc.gov. The link to THOMAS allows for bill tracking and other activities.
Natural Resources Conservation Service.
See: http://www.nhq.nrcs.usda.gov [accessed August 3, 2001]
Also check out NRCS's "Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program." at
http://www.nhq.nrcs.usda.gov/PROGRAMS/wwd/whipindex.htm [accessed August 3, 2001]
New England Grassroots Environment Fund.
This organization provides grants to communities working on local environmental protection and
restoration projects.
See: http://www.grassrootsfund.org/index.html [accessed August 3, 2001]
The Trust for Public Land.
This site has information on financing alternatives--state funding for parks and open space,
conservation, the Trust for Public Land Public Finance Program, Public Finance Case Studies,
and more. It also references materials on building green infrastructure, with examples. The
Toolbox includes discussions on local park financing techniques, a matrix of financing options,
examples of funding, and community profiles. The matrix for local finance is definitely worth
studying.
See: http://www.tpl.org [accessed August 3, 2001]
United Nations.
This UN document, "Natural Resource Aspects of Sustainable Development in the United States
of America" gives an overview of U.S. policy and law associated with environmental
sustainability in the United States.
See: http://www.un.org/esa/agenda21/natlinfo/countr/usa/natur.htm [accessed June 15, 2001]
Books, Articles, and Papers
Association of State Floodplain Managers. 1996. Using Multi-Objective Management to Reduce
Flood Losses in Your Watershed. Madison, WI: Association of State Floodplain Managers.
72 pp. Abstract available at http://www.floods.org/PDF%20files/PUBSLIST.pdf.
This publication documents the results of a multi-year project, funded by the Environmental
Protection Agency and conducted by ASFPM, to explore planning and implementation
techniques for multi-objective watershed management. It provides a general introduction to
multi-objective management and the planning process that helps a community select the
flood-loss reduction measures most suitable to its situation. It explains how to define problems
and goals, build partnerships, combine needs and solutions creatively, and begin formal
implementation procedures. Both riverine and coastal flood watersheds are examined. Much of
the document focuses on multi-objective management planning details, involving subjects such
as fish and wildlife issues, water supply, housing improvement, transportation and lifelines.
Preparation of a M-O-M plan involves problem definition, involvement of non-local groups, and
public and official acceptance of the plan.
Association of State Floodplain Managers, Inc. 2000. National Flood Programs in Review-2000.
Madison, WI: Association of State Floodplain Managers, Inc. 47 pp.
This conceptual paper explains how many environmental protection measures support flood
mitigation and vice-versa.
Burban, Lisa L. and John W. Andresen. 1994. Storms Over the Urban Forest: Planning,
Responding, and Regreening-A Community Guide to Natural Disaster Relief. St. Paul, MN:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Area. 154 pp.
When severe wind or ice storms strike a community, downed trees, power lines, and damaged
property are major hindrances to response and recovery. Severely damaged trees often must be
removed in a hurry to allow passage of emergency response vehicles, and sometimes only several
weeks or months following a storm does the amount of damage and loss of trees become
apparent. This is a guidebook for local governments in coping with such events. It discusses
mitigation, preparing for and responding to natural disasters; cleaning up and "regreening a
community; working with disaster relief organizations; and experiences of Midwest communities
in recovering from tornado damage, community experiences with Hurricane Andrew, and
technical resources and information. Additional resources are listed and numerous references
accompany each chapter. The manual also contains reprints of relevant journal articles,
educational blurbs from environmental organizations, and checklists.
Bush, David M.,Rodney Prado, Kathie Dixon, and Orrin H. Pilkey. 1991. Principles of Property
Damage Mitigation and the Impact of Hurricane Hugo. Durham, NC: Duke University,
Department of Geology, Program for the Study of Developed Shorelines. 167 pp.
Prepared as a field-trip guide for the study of damage caused by Hurricane Hugo along the
Carolina coast, this report shows that simply cleaning up and rebuilding should make way for
more active steps to enhance and preserve the protective capabilities of the natural setting. It also
suggests principles of reducing hurricane-caused property damage given expected sea-level rise,
barrier island migration, and increased storm severity, and encourages environmentally sensitive
approaches to hurricane mitigation. The document contains an account of pertinent hazard
mitigation legislation and hazards research, a matrix of mitigation options, a general description
of the shoreline affected by Hugo, and detailed descriptions of various sites included in the field
trip.
Clayton, Tonya D., Lewis A. Taylor, Jr.,William J. Cleary, Paul E. Hosier, Peter H.F. Graber,
William J.Neal, and Orrin H. Pilkey, Sr. Living with the Georgia Shore. Durham, NC: Duke
University Press. 200 pp.
This latest addition to Duke University's highly regarded "Living with the Shore" series, is a
guide for residents, visitors, developers, planners, and others concerned with the condition and
future of the Georgia coast. The authors recount both the human and natural history of the
region's barrier islands, particularly examining coastal erosion and the implications of various
human responses to this process. They also discuss the pressures created by rapid recreational
and residential development. The book includes an introduction to each of the Georgia barrier
isles, an overview of federal and state coastal land- use regulations, pointers on buying and
building at the shore, a hurricane preparation checklist, a history of recent hurricanes in Georgia,
an extensive annotated bibliography, and a guide to government agencies and private groups
involved in issues concerning coastal development.
Department of Energy. 1994. Rebuilding Your Flooded Home: Guidelines for Incorporating
Energy Efficiency. DOE-EE-0019. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
Building Technologies, 36 pp.
After disasters, the natural tendency is to return to one's home and restore it to the way one left
it. Due largely to recent advances in building technologies, it is possible to rebuild a residence
with a little extra care-and not much more time and cost-and have a home that is much more
energy efficient than it was prior to the disaster. By doing this, family comfort will be improved,
energy consumption and utility bills can be reduced, property value can be enhanced, and money
and energy can be saved for years to come. Because many house components will have to be
replaced, i.e., insulation, it makes sense to purchase the most energy-efficient equipment and
materials available. Following sections about drying out a flooded house and on personal safety
when cleaning up, the document explains how to analyze the property for building shell problems
(air leakages, foundations, flooring, etc.), then considers building systems and equipment issues
(electric motors, air conditioning, and appliances). Suggestions are presented and tips are
provided for financing energy-efficient solutions, such as buying materials in bulk if many
properties are affected.
Eleff, Bob. 1999. Minnesota's Flood Recovery Efforts: Good for the Environment? St. Paul,
MN: Minnesota Center for Environmental Advocacy. 41 pp.
In this report, the Minnesota Center for Environmental Advocacy (MCEA) examines the state's
recovery efforts after the devastating floods of 1997. Figures that MCEA has collected from
various sources indicate that at least $740 million was spent on emergency operations, rebuilding
damaged infrastructure, and on preventive measures aimed at reducing the risks and potential
damage from future flood events. This reports seeks to determine the extent to which
Minnesota's decisionmaking process following the 1997 floods reflected this policy.
Federal Interagency Floodplain Management Task Force. 1992. Floodplain Management in the
United States: An Assessment Report. Volume 1: Summary. Boulder, CO: Natural Hazards
Research and Applications Information Center. 69 pp.
This assessment of floodplain management in the United States was commissioned in 1987 by
the Federal Interagency Floodplain Management Task Force. Its purpose was to provide an
evaluation of floodplain management activities in order to report to the public and to the
Congress on progress toward implementation of "A Unified National Program for Floodplain
Management." Thus, it is a compilation of available information concerning the nation's
floodplains, experience with tools and strategies to reduce loss of life, property, and
environmental resources, and a perspective of what has been accomplished.
Federal Interagency Floodplain Management Task Force. 1994. A Unified National Program for
Floodplain Management. Washington, D.C.: Federal Emergency Management Agency. 43
pp.
This version of A Unified National Program for Floodplain Management responds to the
directive in Section 1302(c) of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 that the President
transmit to Congress any further proposals needed for a unified national program. Prior reports in
response to this directive were submitted in 1976, 1979, and 1986. This report: 1) takes account
of changes in economic, environmental, and social trends; 2) responds to a number of concerns
raised during the nationwide assessment of the status of floodplain management completed in
1992; and 3) addresses the criticism leveled at the Unified National Program by the National
Review Committee. The conceptual framework of this report focuses on the need to 1) reduce the
loss of life, disruption, and damage caused by floods; and 2) preserve and restore the natural
resources and functions of floodplains.
Federal Interagency Floodplain Management Task Force. 1995. Protecting Floodplain
Resources. A Guidebook for Communities. Washington, D.C.: Federal Emergency
Management Agency. 41 pp.
This guidebook provides information for local officials, citizens, landowners, and groups
interested in protecting and restoring the natural resources and functions of floodplains. The
guidebook focuses on local "grassroots efforts needed to effectively manage and protect the
resources of the floodplain environment including wetlands, riparian habitats, historic sites, and
aesthetic amenities. The guidebook introduces a conceptual framework for floodplain
management and provides a planning process that can be used in virtually any of the some 20,000
floodprone communities in the United States.
Flink, Charles A. and Robert M. Searns. 1993. Greenways: A Guide to Planning, Design, and
Development. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. 351 pp.
Within the developed landscape, greenways serve a dual function: they provide open space for
human access and recreational use, and they serve to protect and enhance remaining natural and
cultural resources. This manual provides interested organizations and concerned individuals with
background information about planning a greenway project, how to enlist local assistance in
organizing project support, funding the project, related water recreation, greenway safety and
liability, management, and planning for the care of rivers, streams, and wetlands. Information is
provided on preserving stream and river functions, the impacts of urbanization on riparian
regimes, and the establishment of organizational partnerships to plan, realize, and preserve
greenway arrangements.
Godschalk, D.R., T. Beatley, P. Berke, D.J. Brower, and E.J. Kaiser. 1999. Natural Hazards
Mitigation. Recasting Disaster Policy and Planning. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. 575 pp.
This book describes and analyzes the way that hazard mitigation has been carried out in the
United States under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act. The
authors determine how the requirements of this law, establishing a national system for hazard
mitigation, have worked in practice and how they might be made to work better.
Kline, Elizabeth. 1997. Sustainable Community: Topics and Indicators. Available online at
http://ase.tufts.edu/gdae/modules/modinstruct.html [accessed June 22, 2001]
These narratives about sustainable community indicators were developed under a contract with
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The primary audiences are community practitioners
and technical resource people.
May, Peter J., Raymond J. Burby, Neil J. Ericksen, John W. Handmer, Jennifer E. Dixon, Sarah
Michaels, and D. Ingle Smith. Environmental Management and Governance:
Intergovernmental Approaches to Hazards and Sustainability. New York, Routledge. 254 pp.
The book addresses aspects of environmental management that raise fundamental questions
about human actions and government roles. The authors examine "cooperative" and "coercive"
governments by comparing polices in New Zealand and Australia with the more coercive and
prescriptive approaches used in the U.S. They also focus on how the different regimes influence
choices by local governments about land use and development in areas subject to natural hazards.
Separate chapters are devoted to growth management in Florida, resource management in New
Zealand, and flood management in New South Wales. Other chapters describe how policy design
is implemented, the role of regional governments, policy compliance and innovation at the local
planning level, strategies for sustainable development, and examine the outcomes of cooperative
policies.
Mazmanian, Daniel A. and Michael E. Kraft, eds. 1999. Toward Sustainable Communities:
Transition and Transformations in Environmental Policy. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
322 pp.
This book reviews and assesses environmental policy over the past three decades, primarily in
the United States but with implications for other nations. The editors place U.S. environmental
policy within the framework of the transition from 1970s-era policies that emphasized federally
controlled regulation, through a period of criticism and efficiency-based reform efforts, to an
emerging era of sustainability in which decisionmaking takes place increasingly at the local and
regional levels. The book looks at what does and does not work and how social, economic, and
environmental goals can be integrated through policy strategies ground in the concept of
sustainability.
Philippi, Nancy S. 1996. Floodplain Management: Ecologic and Economic Perspectives. San
Diego, CA: Academic Press. 225 pp.
When economic and ecological concerns conflict, effective floodplain management often suffers.
The author examines the reasons behind these conflicts and points to solutions. She discusses the
challenge of managing floodplains, the need for floodplain management, the public interest and
how to define it, governments and their roles, harmful effects of floodplain management, case
studies of the Mississippi and American Rivers, and scenarios for effective management.
Appendices reprint several important documents useful for the understanding of floodplain
management in the United States.
Schwab, Jim, Kenneth C. Topping, Charles C. Eadie, Robert E. Deyle, and Richard A. Smith.
1998. Planning for Post-Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction. PAS Report No. 483/484.
Chicago, IL: American Planning Association. 346 pp. Abstract available at
http://www.planning.org/apapubs/details.asp?Num=1178.
This document helps community leaders and planners educate their constituents on how
informed decisions and choices can affect the rebuilding process and yield a safer, more
sustainable community. This report introduces planners to their roles in post-disaster
reconstruction and recovery, and provides guidance on how to plan for post-disaster
reconstruction side by side with all other players involved. A key theme throughout this report is
to rebuild to create a more disaster-resistant community. The report contains many references to
technical resources.
U.S. National Science and Technology Council. 1994. Technology for a Sustainable Future: A
Framework for Action. Washington, D.C.: U.S. National Science and Technology Council.
154 pp.
This report summarizes the Clinton White House's plan for developing a comprehensive
environmental technology strategy. It examines the use of environmental technologies to
facilitate long-term environmental, energy, and economic goals and asks for suggestions for
improving federal policies related to advancing environmental technologies. It includes a section
on technology needs for natural disaster reduction. The document also provides examples of
avoidance, monitoring and assessment, and remediation and restoration. Appendices contain lists
of federal sources for agency offices (names, contact information) and online data resources.
U.S. President's Council on Sustainable Development. 1997. Sustainable Communities Task
Force Report. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 186 pp.
This report and its companion volume, Sustainable America: A New Consensus for Prosperity,
Opportunity, and a Healthy Environment for the Future, published in 1996, lay out a set of
policy recommendations for planning for sustainable communities. One of the recommendations
is to "shift the focus of the federal disaster relief system from cure to prevention." The appendix
contains case studies of communities that have set forth sustainability principles, profiles of
communities in the 50 states, state-led sustainability initiatives and organizations, and a list of
resources for sustainable communities.
World Commission on Environment and Development. 1987. Our Common Future. Oxford, UK:
Oxford University Press. Abstract available at http://www.oup.co.uk/isbn/0-19-282080-X. [accessed September 21, 2001]
In 1983, the World Commission on Environment and Development was asked by the United
Nations General Assembly to formulate "a global agenda for change." This document, also
known as the Brundtland Report, is the report of the Committee chaired by Gro Harlem
Brundtland. The Committee undertook to: 1) propose long-term environmental strategies for
achieving sustainable development by the year 2000 and beyond; 2) recommend ways concern
for the environment may be translated into greater cooperation among developing countries and
between countries at different stages of economic and social development and lead to the
achievement of common and mutually supportive objectives that take account of the
interrelationships between people, resources, environment, and development; 3) consider ways
and means by which the international community can deal more effectively with environmental
concerns; and 4) help define shared perceptions of long-term environmental issues and the
appropriate efforts needed to deal successfully with the problems of protecting and enhancing the
environment, a long-term agenda for action during the coming decades, and aspirational goals for
the world community.
Additional Reading
Akridge, A., J.D. Eigel, and J.G. Athanasakes. 1999. "Stream Restoration and Soil Engineering."
Public Works 130(3):48-51.
American Water Resources Association. 1999. Special Issue: Human Dimensions of Watershed
Management. JAWRA 35(3)(June).
American Society of Civil Engineers. 2000. "Texas City Relies on Tree Canopy to Reduce
Runoff." Civil Engineering 70(10):18.
Barrette, M. 2000. "Anyone Searching for Examples of Innovative Land Planning Wouldn't
Necessarily Look to Water and Stormwater Projects. But That Could Be a Mistake."
Planning 66(8):14-17.
Davis, P. and B. Hitchings. 2000. "Protecting Stored Water with Riparian Buffers." Public Works
131(3):30-32.
de Jong, Pieter and Dale Lehman. 1995. "Hazard Mitigation Lessons from the 1993 Midwest
Flood: Environmental Compliance Issues." Pp. 179-183 in From the Mountains to the
Sea-Developing Local Capability: Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual Conference of the
Association of State Floodplain Managers. Special Publication 31. Boulder, CO: Natural
Hazards Research and Applications Information Center.
Devils Lake Basin Interagency Task Force. 1995. Report of the Devils Lake Basin Interagency
Task Force. Denver: Federal Emergency Management Agency, Region VIII. 93 pp.
Emmer, R.E. 1998. "Floodplain Management." In Peaks to Prairies. A Conference on Watershed
Stewardship. Rapid City, SD: Thorne Ecological Institute. (September.)
Emmer, R. E. 1994. Flood Damage Reduction and Wetland Conservation. Three Successful
Projects in Louisiana have Common Characteristics. Topical Paper #6. Madison, WI:
Association of State Floodplain Managers, Inc. (September.) 23 pp.
Emmer, R.E. 1991. "Wetlands Conservation through Local Community Programs." Unpublished
report prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, D.C.: EPA.
Environmental Protection Agency. 1996. Protecting Natural Wetlands. A Guide to Stormwater
Best Management Practices. EPA-843-B-96-001. Washington, D.C.: Office of Water.
Environmental Protection Agency. 1996. Why Watersheds? EPA800-F-96-001. Washington,
D.C.: Office of Water.
Environmental Protection Agency. 1997. Community-Based Environmental Protection: A
Resource Book for Protecting Ecosystems and Communities. EPA230-B-96-003.
Washington, D.C.: Office of Policy, Planning, and Evaluation. (September).
Environmental Protection Agency. 1997. People, Places, and Partnerships. Progress Report on
Community-Based Environmental Protection. EPA-100-R-97-003. Washington, D.C.: EPA.
Environmental Protection Agency. 1999. Catalog of Federal Funding Sources for Watershed
Protection. Second Edition. EPA841-B-99-003. Washington, D.C.: Office of Water.
Erwin, K.L. 1996. A Bibliography of Wetland Creation and Restoration Literature. Berne, NY:
The Association of State Floodplain Managers, Inc. 99 pp.
Office of Management and Budget. 1998. Federal Programs Offering Non-Structural Flood
Recovery and Floodplain Management Alternatives. A Federal Interagency Publication.
Washington, D.C.: Executive Office of the President. 90 pp. Available at
http://www.fema.gov/MIT/TSD/DL_nsfr.htm [accessed September 21, 2001]
Faber, S. 1996. On Borrowed Land: Public Policies for Floodplains. Cambridge, MA: Lincoln
Institute of Land Policy. 32 pp.
Gilmer, M. 1995. Living on Flood Plains and Wetlands. A Homeowner's High-water Handbook.
Dallas, TX: Taylor Publishing Company. 175 pp.
Harker, Donald F. and Elizabeth Ungar Natter. 1995. Where We Live: A Citizen's Guide to
Conducting a Community Environmental Inventory. Covelo, CA: Island Press. 319 pp.
Hoffman, R. 1999. "The New York City Watershed Agreement." Water Resources IMPACT
1(5):2-4.
Hulsey, B. and G. Tichenor. 2000. "A Call for Flood Security Through Wetland Protection."
National Wetlands Newsletter 22(3)(May/June):3-4.
Inyang, Hilary I. 2000. "The Coalescence of Environmental and Natural Disaster Impacts."
Journal of Environmental Engineering (June):461.
Izaak Walton League of America. 1999. Save Our Streams Program Catalog. Gaithersburg, MD:
Izaak Walton League of America.
Land Trust of the Saratagoa Region, Inc. 1998. Saratagoa County Wetlands Guidebook. Clifton
Park, NY: Land Trust of the Saratagoa Region, Inc. 59 pp.
Margoluis, R. and N.N. Salafsky. 1998. Measures of Success: Designing, Managing, and
Monitoring Conservation and Development Projects. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
The National Arbor Day Foundation. 2000. "How to Manage Community Natural Areas." Land
and Water 44(1):49-52.
National Association of Counties. 1999. Leadership in Watershed Management: The County
Role. Washington, D.C.: National Association of Counties.
National Association of Counties. 1999. Restoring Community Wetlands & Watersheds. Erie
County's (NY) Innovative Partnership to Teach Environmental Stewardship Through the
JTPA Summer Youth Employment Program. Washington, D.C.: National Association of
Counties.
North Carolina Division of Water Quality. 1998. Basinwide Wetlands and Riparian Restoration
Plan for the Watauga River Basin. North Carolina Wetlands Restoration Program. Raleigh,
NC: North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
Northeast Midwest Institute and Marine Studies Consortium. 2000. The Nonpoint Finance
Project. Final Report. Washington, D.C. and Needham, MA: Northeast Midwest Institute and
Marine Studies Consortium, respectively. http://www.nemw.org [accessed August 3, 2001]
Platt, K. 2000. "Going Green. Tips on Creating Urban Greenways." Planning 66(8):18-21.
President's Long-Term Recovery Task Force. 1997. Final Report. Minnesota, North Dakota,
South Dakota. Washington, D.C.: Federal Emergency Management Agency. 13 pp.
Qui, Z. and T. Prato.1998. "Economic Evaluation of Riparian Buffers in an Agricultural
Watershed." JAWRA 34(4):877-890.
Restore America's Estuaries. 1998. Funding for Habitat Restoration Projects. A Compendium of
Current Federal Programs with Fiscal Year 1996-1998 Funding Levels. A Citizen's Guide.
Washington, D.C..: Restore America's Estuaries. 42 pp.
Terrene Institute. 1993. Clean Water in Your Watershed: A Citizen's Guide to Watershed
Protection. Washington, D.C.: Terrene Institute. Prepared in cooperation with Environmental
Protection Agency Region VI, Dallas, TX. 89 pp.
vonFeck, S. 2000. "Protecting Wetlands with Clean Water State Revolving Funds." National
Wetlands Newsletter 22(4):3-4.
Wallace, S.D. 1998. "Putting Wetlands to Work." Civil Engineering 68(7):57-59.
White, K.D. and A.L. Meyers. 1997. "Above Par Storm-Water Management." Civil Engineering
67(7):50-51.
Wilding, D.A., R.P. Clarke and R. Ballantine. 1999. "Stormwater Management: Shifting the
Present Paradigm." Public Works 130(8):54-56.
